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우리가 살고 있는 시대는 이전과 매우 다른 특성을 보이고 있다. 이러한 특성을 반영하는 이 시대를 가리키는 다양한 명칭이 있다. 새천년, 후기산업사회, 탈산업화, 정보사회, 세계화 등 매우 다양하다. 이 중 하나로서 널리 회자되는 이름은 다문화사회이다. 그렇다. 우리나라도 여기서 예외는 아니며 분명 다문화사회의 물결에 놓여 있다. 사실 단일민족으로서 오랜 역사를 지 니고 있는 우리나라도 이러한 거대한 세계화로 인한 사회변동을 피할 수는 없는 것이다. 어느덧 우리 주위에는 중국집 외에 다양한 국가의 음식점들이 눈에 띄게 증가하고 있다. 다양한 인종의 사람들과 문화가 우리 주위에 증가하면서 이들 문화에도 자연스럽게 노출되고 있다. 새로운 다문화사회의 도래에 따라 이에 대한 학문적 관심 또한 증가하고 있으며, 정치학, 사회학, 교육학, 경제학, 인류학, 사회복지학, 법학, 행정학 등 다양한 학문적 분야에서 접근이 이루어지고 있다. 이 책에서는 다문화현상에 대해서 행정 및 정책적 접근을 시도하고자 한다. 이러한 접근을 위해 먼저 다문화사회에 대한 주요 이슈를 도출하고 도출된 이슈에 따라 현황과 정책적 제언을 제시하고자 하였다. 필요에 따라 외국의 경험과 정책도 소개하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 다문화현상의 도래에 대해 그 현황과 원인에 대해 논의하고, 그동안 제시되어온 주요 이론들을 검토하였고 그리고 나서 다문화사회에 대한 정부의 역할과 방향을 논의하였다. 구체적으로 이 책에서는 다문화사회에 대한 다양한 이슈를 이민, 인권, 노동/고용, 교육, 문화/복지, 사회통합 등으로 한정하여 살펴보았다. 이들 각 이슈에 대한 현황과 논쟁점, 그리고 정책을 검토하였다. 그리고 끝으로 다문화사회의 미래를 예측하고 이에 따른 과제를 제시하였다. 앞으로 다문화사회에 대한 관심이 지속적으로 증가할 것으로 예상되며, 이러한 상황에서 이 책이 다문화사회의 다양한 이슈에 대처하는 하나의 참고 서적이 되었으면 하는 희망이다. 그리고 다양한 분야에서의 다문화사회 연구에 학문적으로 그리고 실천적으로 조금이나마 보탬이 되었으면 하는 바램이고, 앞으로 이 분야의 연구에 하나의 화두를 던지는데 기여를 하였으면 한다. 이 책이 출간되기까지는 여러분들의 도움이 있었다. 특히 인천대 박사과정을 수료한 노지영 학생은 원고정리에서부터 교정 및 색인 작업에 이르기까지 많은 수고를 아끼지 않았다. 그리고 출판계의 어려운 여건 하에서도 이 책의 출간을 기꺼이 맡아준 조명문화사 이재영사장님과 편집부 임직원 여러분께도 깊은 감사의 마음을 전한다. 2013년 9월 저자를 대표하여 송도국제도시에서 이종열 이종열 (인천대 교수) 정준호 (한국전통문화대학교 교수) 주동범 (부경대학교 교수) 주효진 (꽃동네대학교 교수) 한승준 (서울여자대학교 교수) 차 례 머리말 제1부 다문화 사회와 정부 제1장 다문화사회 이슈의 대두와 현황 1. 전 세계적으로 다문화사회 이슈가 대두된 배경은 무엇인가? ······· 3 2. 한국사회에서 다문화사회가 도래한 주요 원인과 현황 ················ 7 3. 다문화사회의 주요 이슈 ························································16 참고문헌 ············································································34 제2장 다문화사회에 대한 다양한 시각 ············································38 1. 문화다양성의 의미 ······························································· 38 2. 다문화사회에 대한 연구 경향 ················································· 42 3. 다문화사회에 대한 대립적 관점 ·············································· 46 4. 다문화정책의 다양한 방향 ····················································· 50 5. 우리나라 및 주요 국가의 다문화사회 발전단계 ························· 59 참고문헌 ············································································· 68 제3장 다문화사회의 정부역할 ······················································· 73 1. 중앙정부의 역할 ·································································· 73 2. 지방정부의 역할 ·································································· 81 3. 다문화거버넌스의 접근 ························································· 84 4. 다문화정책 제도와 조직분석 ·················································· 91 5. 다문화정책 거버넌스 체계분석 ··············································· 92 참고문헌 ············································································· 95 제2부 다문화사회의 주요 이슈 제4장 이민 ················································································ 99 1. 이민에 대한 이론적 고찰 ······················································· 99 2. 한국의 이민정책 ·································································· 101 3. 이민 관련 이슈 ···································································· 111 4. 이민 관련 정책의 발전방향 ···················································· 116 참고문헌 ············································································· 120 제5장 인권 ················································································ 123 1. 인권에 대한 이론적 논의 ························································ 123 2. 인권 관련 이슈 ····································································· 132 3. 인권 관련 정책의 발전방향 ····················································· 139 참고문헌 ············································································· 144 제6장 노동 및 고용 ······································································ 147 1. 현황 ··················································································· 147 2. 이슈 ··················································································· 150 3. 정책 ··················································································· 155 참고문헌 ·············································································· 163 제7장 교육 ················································································· 164 1. 현황 ··················································································· 164 2. 이슈 ··················································································· 171 3. 정책 ··················································································· 176 참고문헌 ·············································································· 183 제8장 문화 및 복지 ······································································ 184 1. 문화복지의 의의와 문화적 역량 ················································ 184 2. 문화복지서비스의 현황과 이슈 ················································· 187 3. 다문화사회에서의 문화 및 복지의 역할 ······································ 191 4. 다문화사회에서의 문화 및 복지의 과제 ······································193 참고문헌 ·············································································· 198 제9장 사회통합 ············································································ 200 1. 사회적 형성 ·········································································· 200 2. 이슈 ···················································································· 206 3. 정책 ···················································································· 223 참고문헌 ··············································································· 228 제3부 다문화사회의 미래 제10장 다문화사회의 전망 ····························································· 233 1. 문제의 제기 ·········································································· 233 2. 외국의 경험 ·········································································· 235 3. 다문화사회로의 이행단계별 전망 ·············································· 237 4. 이행단계별 거버넌스 전략 ······················································· 243 참고문헌 ················································································247 제11장 다문화사회의 과제 ····························································· 250 1. 다문화정책에 대한 거버넌스 접근 ··········································· 250 2. 새로운 다원주의 민주정치의 추구 ············································· 253 3. 다문화사회에서의 사회통합 ····················································· 256 찾아보기·················································································262 |
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